How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people think ADHD is a normal child's condition however, it can affect adults. Finding a doctor and treating ADHD can improve the quality of life of a person.
Interviewing the individual and their family members may be part of an evaluation for ADHD. The specialist may look over the school records of the past to determine whether symptoms began as a child.
Symptoms
ADHD is a condition that can affect school, work as well as home life. Everyone struggles with concentration and staying organized from time to time. The person must display significant symptoms in two of these areas, and that they significantly affect the way they function in their daily lives for them to be identified as having ADHD. The symptoms must have been present for a minimum of six months.
To determine a diagnosis, a doctor will interview the patient regarding their symptoms and ask about family medical history and any medical issues. They can also use rating systems to assess symptoms in adults or children. These questionnaires are based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They ask about symptoms like inattention, hyperactivity and the tendency to be impulsive.
In adults, doctors may ask to speak with a significant other or people who know the patient well. This isn't to doubt the authenticity of the person, but rather to gain insight into the behavior of a person that cannot be gleaned from the answers to a questionnaire. They could inquire about childhood behaviors and use old school records in order to determine whether symptoms began before the age of 12.
Before determining a diagnosis the doctor will conduct physical examinations and tests on the lab to rule out any other health issues, like head injuries or thyroid issues which can trigger similar symptoms. The doctor will also review the person's list of medications. Certain medications for depression high blood pressure, depression and other conditions can be a trigger for stimulants, so the doctor will take these into consideration when recommending treatment options. This is why it's essential for adults to talk to their primary healthcare providers when they suspect they have ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be diagnosed with ADHD, the symptoms must be evident in at least two places (such as at home, school, and work) and affect the functioning of the individual. The symptoms must have appeared before the age of 12 and cannot be caused by a different disorder like anxiety or depression.
A doctor or mental health professional will use a variety of tools during the evaluation that include ADHD symptoms checklists and standardized scales for assessing behavior and a detailed medical history. They might also talk to friends and family members to see how the person's symptoms have affected them. They will ask whether the symptoms are similar to those of other mental health conditions or physical conditions.
get diagnosed with adhd will consider whether the symptoms are serious or mild. They will also examine the person's medical history as well as family history to determine if there is no underlying cause for their issues such as thyroid issues, head injuries or medication.
In certain instances, the evaluator might want to conduct a cognitive test or request that the person undergo an imaging test in order to determine the cause of their symptoms such as learning disabilities. These people often present differently from those with no issues. For instance, boys are more likely to show hyperactive symptoms and girls exhibit inattention symptoms.
Many people with ADHD are interested in participating in a clinical study to try out new treatments. While this is a great method to aid in further research, it is crucial for participants to realize that the main purpose of these studies is to increase knowledge in the field of science and cannot necessarily guarantee they will receive treatment. For more information on clinical trials, please visit NIMH's Clinical Trials fact sheet.
Treatment
If you suspect you may have ADHD, find a professional who is certified to identify the disorder. Ask your health insurance provider if ADHD specialists will be covered. You can also ask family doctors or other health professionals for recommendations. Additionally, referrals from word-of-mouth are a good choice.
A doctor will interview the patient -or their parents, in children's cases -- about symptoms. She may use standardized questionnaires or ADHD symptom checklists, or ask for information from other people in the person's life, such as spouses and family members. Personal insight will reveal more than can be gleaned from questionnaires.
A specialist will also need to review any records that the individual may have, particularly old school reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is usually determined by the past of a person. To be considered diagnosed the symptoms must have been present since the age of a child (technically, before the age 12).
Physical examinations are also typically performed. It's also examined for any other medical issues that could be causing symptoms, such seizures or thyroid problems. A neurological exam is usually conducted by the expert to check motor control and coordination. Psychological tests to measure the level of intelligence and ability can be used. A person could also be asked to complete simple computer tasks designed to test memory and attention. This will help the professional determine if a person is hyperactive, inattentive or an impulsive. The expert will choose the best treatment plan and then make a diagnosis. Treatment plans typically include medication and therapy. Talk therapy or psychotherapy can aid children and adults in learning healthy coping strategies and alter destructive thought patterns. This therapy can be done by the primary care physician or a mental health professional who is specialized in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people suffering from ADHD get better by taking medication, though it's not the only way to treat the condition. Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy or a combination of the two can be beneficial for adolescents, children, and adults. These therapies aid them in dealing with their ADHD symptoms and learn to manage them. Psychoeducation, which is a form of education on ADHD and how to manage it, can be incorporated. They can involve teachers, family members, and other professionals.
It's important to locate a health care provider or mental health professional with expertise in treating ADHD. You can ask for recommendations from people who have ADHD or from a mental health provider you already know, or conduct an online search. It's best to find an expert who is familiar with your insurance plan.
To determine if your child has ADHD, the health care provider will ask about your or your child's symptoms and problems caused by the condition. They will conduct an examination of the body and look for other health issues that may cause similar symptoms. They will go over your or your child's medical and family history, school records and other reports.
Diagnosing ADHD in adults can be a bit more difficult due to the fact that the symptoms Guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-V) are primarily geared towards diagnosing children. Your health care provider will interview you or your child about their symptoms and may also ask other people who spend long periods of time with them to complete questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants such as the methylphenidate, Lisdexamfetamine and atomoxe and nonstimulants like atomoxetine and antidepressants. They function by boosting levels of brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people suffering from ADHD also suffer from comorbid disorders, like anxiety or depression. This is why treatment should include therapy that addresses these issues. Some patients can benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy which teaches techniques such as time and task management as well as emotional self-regulation.
Therapists can also assist patients manage their symptoms by altering their lifestyle. Regular exercise can help decrease hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthier diet is important as well. People suffering from ADHD tend to consume more fat and sugar, and less fruits and vegetables. Making social and family relationships a priority can reduce stress and make individuals feel more in charge of their lives.
Another major benefit of having an ADHD diagnosis is that it gives adults and children a better awareness of their difficulties. For instance, a child with ADHD may have trouble communicating his or her demands to peers and teachers however, once a teacher is aware that it's not due to personal issues or to a lack of motivation, accommodations can be provided.
A professional evaluating ADHD will ask questions that are geared to the individual's age, speak with family and teachers, read medical records, and check for any comorbidities. If ADHD symptoms first started before age school records could be useful for adults.
The expert will also check for any vision or hearing problems. They may also do a blood test to check for specific hormones and other health issues that may cause symptoms of ADHD.